A 100-goat farm in Punjab produced Rs 16,50,885 net annual profit on Rs 39,07,900 income against Rs 22,57,015 running costs, in the Punjab Livestock and Dairy Development Department feasibility of 2020. Those 2020 rupee figures are obsolete.
Goat farming (بکری) in Pakistan runs on a model the Punjab Livestock and Dairy Development Department costed line by line and published through its Directorate of Communication and Extension, Lahore, in 2020. This page carries that model in full: the herd structure, the mortality and birth rates, the shed dimensions, the feed schedule, the complete fixed-cost table, the complete recurring-cost table and the complete income table. It then sets the 2020 prices against the 2025 and 2026 prices that could be verified, and names the ones that could not.
What Is the 2020 Punjab Goat Farming Feasibility?
The 2020 Punjab goat feasibility is a costed commercial model for a farm of 100 breeding does and 4 bucks, published by the Directorate of Communication and Extension of the Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Punjab, Lahore. The booklet lists its technical sources as the Directorate itself, the Directorate General of Sheep and Goat Development at Multan, the experimental livestock farms of Punjab, the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, the Agricultural University Faisalabad, and the institutions attached to the livestock department.
The booklet states its own reason for existing. People in Pakistan have kept goats for centuries, but commercial goat farming remains at an early stage, and the booklet names 4 obstacles: the absence of a marketing system, a shortage of training, a shortage of grazing ground, and a shortage of capital. It records that animals are bought and sold without reference to breed, body weight, or milk yield, unlike crops whose prices the government fixes annually, and that this is why goat keepers do not capture the margin the animals earn.
The wider frame the booklet uses is the livestock sector, which it put at 55.9 percent of the agriculture sector and 11.8 percent of national income in 2020, taking 13 percent of national exports while receiving 1 percent of the budget. Those shares have since moved. The Economic Survey 2025-26 puts livestock at 62.4 percent of agricultural value addition and 14.6 percent of GDP, and the survey’s wider picture of Pakistan as an agricultural country with facts and figures puts agriculture at 23.4 percent of GDP and 33.1 percent of employment.
What Is the Herd Structure of the 100-Goat Model?
The model starts with 104 animals and turns over 175 kids a year. Adult mortality is set at 5 percent, the birth rate at 1.75 kids per doe, and kid mortality at 10 percent. The surviving 157 kids split almost evenly into 79 males and 78 females, and both are priced for sale at 12 months.
| Parameter | 2020 model value |
|---|---|
| Breeding does | 100 |
| Bucks | 4 |
| Total adult animals | 104 |
| Adult mortality at 5 percent | 5 animals |
| Birth rate | 1.75 kids per doe |
| Total kids per year | 175 |
| Kid mortality at 10 percent | 18 kids |
| Surviving kids | 157 |
| Male kids | 79 |
| Female kids | 78 |
| Adult females culled and sold each year | 20 |
| Adult animals carried into the next year | 84 |
Source: Punjab Livestock and Dairy Development Department goat feasibility, 2020. The 23 skins sold in the income table correspond to the 5 dead adults and the 18 dead kids, which is how the booklet converts its own mortality assumption into a revenue line.
What Does a 100-Goat Farm Cost to Set Up?
Fixed cost in the 2020 model is Rs 57,03,000, split across animal purchase, construction and equipment. Every figure below is a 2020 departmental figure and none of it should be used as a current budget.
Animal purchase, 2020 model
| Item | Rate | 2020 cost |
|---|---|---|
| 100 young does | Rs 25,000 per animal | Rs 25,00,000 |
| 4 bucks | Rs 30,000 per animal | Rs 1,20,000 |
| Total animal purchase | Rs 26,20,000 |
Construction of shed, office and store, 2020 model
| Item | Basis | 2020 cost |
|---|---|---|
| Housing for 104 adult animals | 15 sq ft per animal at Rs 600 per sq ft | Rs 9,36,000 |
| Boundary wall of that shed | 155 running feet, 5 feet high, at Rs 400 | Rs 3,10,000 |
| Housing for 175 kids | 8 sq ft per animal at Rs 600 per sq ft | Rs 8,40,000 |
| Boundary wall of the kid shed | 144 running feet, 5 feet high, at Rs 400 | Rs 2,88,000 |
| Store | Rs 1,000 per sq ft | Rs 1,44,000 |
| Office with bathroom | Rs 1,000 per sq ft | Rs 1,80,000 |
| Labour room with bathroom | Rs 1,000 per sq ft | Rs 1,80,000 |
| Total construction | Rs 28,78,000 |
The printed sub-total for the adult shed in the scanned booklet does not reconcile with the column total. The figure of Rs 9,36,000 shown above is the one produced by the booklet’s own stated basis of 104 animals at 15 square feet at Rs 600, and it is the figure that makes the printed total of Rs 28,78,000 balance.
Farm equipment, 2020 model
| Item | Quantity | Rate | 2020 cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chaff cutter | 1 | Rs 30,000 | Rs 30,000 |
| Water pump | 1 | Rs 20,000 | Rs 20,000 |
| Cart | 1 | Rs 15,000 | Rs 15,000 |
| Troughs | 2 | Rs 2,500 | Rs 5,000 |
| Wooden mangers (کھرلی) | 10 | Rs 4,000 | Rs 40,000 |
| Electricity connection | Rs 15,000 | ||
| Electrical fitting | Rs 30,000 | ||
| Miscellaneous items including tubs | Rs 50,000 | ||
| Total equipment | Rs 2,05,000 |
Adding the three blocks gives the fixed cost of the project: Rs 26,20,000 for animals, Rs 28,78,000 for construction and Rs 2,05,000 for equipment, for a 2020 total of Rs 57,03,000.
What Are the Annual Running Costs of a Goat Farm?
Recurring cost in the 2020 model is Rs 22,57,015 a year, and green fodder alone accounts for Rs 14,25,540 of it. The feeding rule is 8 kg of green fodder per adult animal per day, and 4 kg per young goat per day for the 8 months that follow 4 months on milk.
| Cost line | Basis in the booklet | 2020 cost |
|---|---|---|
| Green fodder (چارہ) for adults | 8 kg per animal per day at Rs 3 per kg | Rs 9,11,040 |
| Green fodder for young goats | 4 months on milk, then 4 kg per day at Rs 3 per kg | Rs 5,14,500 |
| Fodder sub-total | Rs 14,25,540 | |
| Concentrate (ونڈا) for adults | 0.5 kg per animal per day at Rs 20 per kg | Rs 93,600 |
| Concentrate for young stock | 0.5 kg per animal per day at Rs 20 per kg | Rs 2,36,250 |
| Wages of 2 workers | Rs 10,000 per month each | Rs 2,40,000 |
| Electricity | Rs 4,000 per month | Rs 48,000 |
| Medicine | Rs 150 per animal per year | Rs 28,725 |
| Depreciation on buildings | 5 percent a year | Rs 1,43,900 |
| Depreciation on equipment | 20 percent a year | Rs 41,000 |
| Sub-total | Rs 8,31,475 | |
| Total recurring cost | Rs 22,57,015 |
The concentrate lines carry a heading of 2 months of feeding in the booklet, while the rupee values printed against them work out to roughly 90 days for adults and 135 days for young stock at the stated rate of Rs 20 per kg. The totals printed in the booklet use the rupee values, and those are the values reproduced here.
How Much Income Does a 100-Goat Farm Produce?
Total income in the 2020 model is Rs 39,07,900, of which Rs 31,40,000 comes from selling kids. Milk, manure, skins and culled adults supply the remaining Rs 7,67,900, and the booklet treats all four as genuine revenue rather than as a rounding item.
| Income line | Basis in the booklet | 2020 income |
|---|---|---|
| Sale of male kids | 79 head at Rs 20,000 | Rs 15,80,000 |
| Sale of female kids | 78 head at Rs 20,000 | Rs 15,60,000 |
| Sale of skins (کھال) | 23 skins at Rs 300 | Rs 6,900 |
| Manure (مینگنیاں) from adults | 2 kg per animal per day, 76 tons at Rs 1,500 per ton | Rs 1,14,000 |
| Manure from young stock | 1 kg per animal per day, 28 tons at Rs 1,500 per ton | Rs 42,000 |
| Surplus milk | 90 litres per doe per lactation at Rs 45 per litre | Rs 4,05,000 |
| Sale of 20 culled does | Rs 10,000 per animal | Rs 2,00,000 |
| Total annual income | Rs 39,07,900 | |
| Less total recurring cost | Rs 22,57,015 | |
| Net annual profit | Rs 16,50,885 |
The summary page of the booklet prints Rs 20,000 against the culled-doe line while the detailed page prints Rs 10,000. Only the Rs 10,000 rate reconciles with the printed total of Rs 39,07,900, so Rs 10,000 is the rate used above. The booklet adds 4 notes: 84 adult animals remain in place to continue the cycle, male animals should be sold at Eid ul Azha, animal prices can rise up to 10 percent as meat prices rise, and expenses can rise 5 to 10 percent with inflation.
What Do These Numbers Look Like at 2026 Prices?
The 2020 rupee figures cannot be carried forward. The Pakistani rupee moved from roughly 160 to the US dollar in 2020 to roughly 279 in 2026, and feed, labour and construction all repriced independently of that. The table below sets each 2020 input against a current figure where one could be verified, and marks a gap where one could not.
| Input or output | 2020 model figure | Verified 2025 or 2026 figure | Source and date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Breeding doe purchase | Rs 25,000 per head | Rs 700 to Rs 980 per kg live weight | Selina Wamucii Pakistan live goat price index, May 2026 |
| Kid at sale | Rs 20,000 per head | A 30 kg goat quoted at Rs 970 per kg, or Rs 29,100 per head | Rumi Goat Farm mandi price guide, 2026 |
| Goat meat, retail | not in the model | Rs 1,918 per kg in July 2026, Rs 2,000 to Rs 2,400 per kg in May 2026 | Selina Wamucii July 2026; kfoods May 2026 |
| Milk | Rs 45 per litre | Rs 170 per litre official Lahore rate, Rs 190 to Rs 240 in the market | Punjab official rate and market reports, 2026 |
| Farm wages | Rs 10,000 per month | Rs 40,000 per month legal minimum for unskilled workers | Punjab minimum wage notification, 8 September 2025 |
| Concentrate feed | Rs 20 per kg | Rs 3,110 to Rs 3,850 per bag, bag weight not stated by the source | Zaratnaama wanda rate list, April 2025 |
| Green fodder | Rs 3 per kg | gap, no current national rate verified | not verified |
| Shed construction | Rs 600 per sq ft | gap, no current rate for open livestock sheds verified | not verified |
| Goat skin | Rs 300 each | gap | not verified |
| Manure | Rs 1,500 per ton | gap | not verified |
Two of those gaps matter more than the rest. Green fodder is the single largest cost line in the model, at Rs 14,25,540 of a Rs 22,57,015 total, and no verified 2026 per-kilogram rate was found for it. Shed construction drives Rs 28,78,000 of the fixed cost, and the published 2026 grey-structure rates of Rs 2,650 to Rs 3,800 per square foot apply to houses, not to open-sided animal sheds, so they are not a substitute. Scaling either line by an inflation multiplier would produce a number that looks precise and is not, which is why neither has been scaled here.
What survives intact is the structure. The 5 percent adult mortality, the 1.75 kidding rate, the 10 percent kid mortality, the 8 kg of green fodder per adult per day, the 0.5 kg of concentrate, the 15 square feet of covered space and 30 square feet of open space per adult, and the 23 skins that fall out of the mortality assumption all remain usable planning inputs. Only the rupee values attached to them have expired.
What Housing and Land Does a Goat Farm Need?
The booklet specifies 15 square feet of covered space and 30 square feet of open space per adult goat. A shed for 100 animals is 20 feet wide and 60 to 80 feet long, laid out on an east-west axis so the animals get sun through the day.
Mangers are made of wood, each 5 feet long, 1.5 feet wide and 1.5 feet deep. The shed floor sits at least 2 feet above the surrounding ground so rainwater drains out rather than standing inside. Trees are planted around the shed to hold the temperature down. The booklet also instructs that the site keep room for expansion, and it places suitable sites in the rural districts of Punjab where grazing scrub is available and both water supply and drainage can be arranged.
How Are Breeding Goats Selected?
The booklet sets 3 selection rules. Buy healthy two-tooth does, preferably already pregnant. Buy from the district where the breed is established rather than from the nearest market. Treat an animal as ready to breed once it reaches 66 percent of its average adult body weight, because animals bought at that stage return more than younger or older stock.
On marketing, the booklet records that Pakistan is the second largest producer of goat meat in the world after China, and that goat meat sells without difficulty in the domestic market. It lists 81 sheep and goat markets across the districts of Rajanpur, Dera Ghazi Khan, Bahawalpur, Layyah, Mianwali, Vehari, Lodhran, Khanewal, Multan, Muzaffargarh, Khushab and Sargodha, each with its trading day, and directs that male stock be timed to the Eid ul Azha market.
Key Takeaways on Goat Farming Costs in Pakistan
- The 2020 Punjab feasibility models 100 does and 4 bucks producing 175 kids a year, with 5 percent adult mortality and 10 percent kid mortality.
- Fixed cost in that 2020 model is Rs 57,03,000 and recurring cost is Rs 22,57,015 a year.
- Income of Rs 39,07,900 leaves Rs 16,50,885 net annual profit, at 2020 prices only.
- Kid sales supply Rs 31,40,000 of income, and milk, manure, skins and culled does supply Rs 7,67,900.
- Live goats traded at Rs 700 to Rs 980 per kg live weight in May 2026, and the Punjab minimum wage stood at Rs 40,000 a month from September 2025.
- Green fodder and shed construction rates could not be verified for 2026 and have been left unscaled rather than estimated.
Vaccination timings, medicine rates and feeding rates on this page are those printed in the Punjab Livestock and Dairy Development Department goat feasibility of 2020. A veterinarian or the district office of the provincial livestock department should confirm current protocols before any of it is applied to live animals.
Frequently Asked Questions About Goat Farming in Pakistan
How much land is needed for 100 goats?
A shed 20 feet wide and 60 to 80 feet long houses 100 goats, at 15 square feet of covered space and 30 square feet of open space per adult animal, per the 2020 Punjab feasibility.
How many kids does a goat farm produce in a year?
The 2020 Punjab model produces 175 kids a year from 100 does at a birth rate of 1.75. After 10 percent kid mortality, 157 survive, split into 79 males and 78 females.
How much fodder does one goat eat per day?
An adult goat eats 8 kg of green fodder and 0.5 kg of concentrate per day in the 2020 Punjab model. Young goats take 4 kg of green fodder after 4 months on milk.
Is goat farming profitable in Pakistan?
The 2020 Punjab feasibility shows Rs 16,50,885 net annual profit on 104 animals. That result depends on 2020 input and output prices, several of which cannot be verified at 2026 levels.
What is the current price of a goat in Pakistan?
Live goats traded between Rs 700 and Rs 980 per kilogram of live weight in May 2026, according to the Selina Wamucii price index. A 30 kg animal was quoted at about Rs 29,100.
Last Thoughts on Goat Farming in Pakistan
Goat farming in Pakistan has a fully costed government model behind it, which is more than most small enterprises in the country can claim. The 2020 Punjab feasibility sets out herd ratios, mortality assumptions, feeding rates, shed dimensions and a complete profit and loss account for 104 animals, and every one of those structural parameters still holds. What has not held is the money. A model built on Rs 25,000 does, Rs 3 fodder and Rs 10,000 wages describes a cost base that no longer exists, and the honest use of it is as a template to be repriced rather than as a budget to be followed. Anyone building the 2026 version of this farm needs local quotations for fodder, shed construction and breeding stock before the arithmetic means anything.
